LIST OF INITIATIVES
We are conducting research on the political, economic, scientific and organizational factors required to implement alternative business models of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) that may better serve the global public interest (e.g., deliver both innovation and global access).
As part of this research, we have created this database of initiatives that appear to fund, implement or facilitate pharmaceutical R&D in a manner that differs from the traditional business model. If you want to read the analysis of the database, you can find it here. If you want to download the database, you can do it here, and to download the data collection process, click here.
This database was updated in April 2024 with 8 additional alternative initiatives.
Hospital Clínic de Barcelona
Year or creation:
2021
Region (HQ):
Western Europe
Country (HQ):
Spain
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Academic and other research institutions
Technology Type:
Therapeutics
Disease Area:
Oncology
“The Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-IDIBAPS has developed a new CAR T-cell product, ARI-0002h, and has coordinated a multicentre trial in several Spanish hospitals in order to treat patients with multiple myeloma resistant to the standard treatments. This is the first CAR T-cell product developed in Europe for the disease and its results are encouraging, as all patients improve with treatment and 75% of them maintain their response at 12 months” (Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 2021). The price of Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-IDIBAPS' CAR T-cell therapy is five times lower than the commercial alternative.
India TB Research Consortium (ITRC)
Year or creation:
2016
Region (HQ):
South Asia
Country (HQ):
India
Active as of 12/2022:
Unclear
Organizational form:
Academic and other research institutions
Technology Type:
Vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics
Disease Area:
Tuberculosis
ITRC is an "initiative being led by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), which aims to bring together diverse stakeholders to develop new tools – diagnostics, vaccines and drugs – to enable India to take a leadership role in fast-tracking translational TB research and find solutions for the world. ITRC aims to achieve this goal through adopting an interdisciplinary collaborative approach by harnessing the national and international expertise to advance technology as well as product development by delivering effective diagnostics, shorter drug regimens, efficacious vaccines along with newer interventions for TB control and subsequent elimination of the disease” (ITRC, n.d.).
Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI)
Year or creation:
2014
Region (HQ):
North America
Country (HQ):
United States
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Academic and other research institutions
Technology Type:
Therapeutics
Disease Area:
Genetic diseases
“The IGI is composed of diverse researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of California, San Francisco, and the University of California, Davis. Together, our scientists have powerful combined expertise. They conduct world-class research, driven by the real possibility of using genome engineering to treat human diseases, end hunger, and respond to climate change. In addition to our scientific efforts, the IGI is committed to advancing public understanding of genome engineering, providing resources for the broader community, and guiding the ethical use of these technologies” (IGI, n.d.).
Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC)
Year or creation:
2005
Region (HQ):
Western Europe
Country (HQ):
United Kingdom
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Not-for-profit organization
Technology Type:
Vector control products
Disease Area:
Malaria
“IVCC is the only Product Development Partnership (PDP) working in vector control…We work with stakeholders to facilitate the development of novel and improved public health insecticides and formulations to combat the rapidly growing problem of insecticide resistance. We bring together partners from industry, the public sector and academia to create new solutions to prevent disease transmission. By focusing resources and targeting practical scientific solutions we accelerate the process from innovation to impact” (IVCC, n.d.).
This organization was included for its participation in non profit R&D for Neglected Diseases (Vieira M, Kimmitt R and Moon S. F1000Research 2021, 10:190).
Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm)
Year or creation:
1964
Region (HQ):
Western Europe
Country (HQ):
France
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
National government agencies
Technology Type:
Not specified
Disease Area:
Neglected diseases
“Founded in 1964, Inserm is a public scientific and technological institute which operates under the joint authority of the French Ministries of Health and Research. The institute is dedicated to biomedical research and human health, and is involved in the entire range of activities from the laboratory to the patient’s bedside. It also partners with the most prestigious research institutions in the world that are committed to scientific challenges and progress in these fields” (Inserm, 2021).
This organization was included for its participation in non profit R&D for Neglected Diseases (Vieira M, Kimmitt R and Moon S. F1000Research 2021, 10:190).
Instituto Butantan
Year or creation:
1901
Region (HQ):
Latin America and the Caribbean
Country (HQ):
Brazil
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
National government agencies
Technology Type:
Vaccines, Therapeutics, Antivenoms
Disease Area:
COVID-19, Flu, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Chikungunya, Whooping cough, Dengue, HPV, Rabies, Arthritis, Crohn's disease, Antitoxins, Antivenoms, Viral hepatitis, Infectious diseases
“Instituto Butantan is the main producer of immunobiologicals in Brazil. It is responsible for a considerable percentage of the national production of hyperimmune sera and vaccine antigens, which make up the vaccines used in the National Immunization Program (Programa Nacional de Imunizações, PNI) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Our technological development activities in the production of health inputs are associated with the production of vaccines, antitoxins and antivenoms, and biopharmaceuticals for human use” (Instituto Butantan, n.d.).
This organization was included for its participation in non profit R&D for Neglected Diseases (Vieira M, Kimmitt R and Moon S. F1000Research 2021, 10:190).
In-Q-Tel (IQT)
Year or creation:
--
Region (HQ):
North America
Country (HQ):
United States
Active as of 12/2022:
Unclear
Organizational form:
Not-for-profit organization
Technology Type:
Vaccines, Therapeutics, Medical devices
Disease Area:
Infectious diseases
“In-Q-Tel has served one mission for more than 20 years: to deliver the most sophisticated source of strategic technical knowledge and capabilities to the U.S. government and its allies. In-Q-Tel explores emerging technology and provides insight, powering its partners with the ability to better anticipate and advance national security in the 21st century. Our distinct role at the intersection of the government, venture capital, and the startup world equips In-Q-Tel to make impactful investments” (IQT, n.d.).
InnoCentive
Year or creation:
2001
Region (HQ):
North America
Country (HQ):
United States
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Private Company
Technology Type:
Not specified
Disease Area:
Not disease-specific
“Founded in 2001, InnoCentive was a pioneering business in the use of crowdsourcing for innovation and opportunity scouting. It ran more than 2,000 challenges for organizations including NASA, AstraZeneca, Enel, and VW, boasting a success rate of more than 80%” (Wazoku, n.d.). InnoCentive was acquired by Wazoku in 2020.
This initiative was selected based on its inclusion in the report “RE:ROUTE, A map of the alternative biomedical R&D landscape”, (Kiddell-Monroe, Greenberg, and Basey 2016)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)
Year or creation:
2008
Region (HQ):
Western Europe
Country (HQ):
European Union
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Joint undertaking
Technology Type:
Vaccines, Therapeutics
Disease Area:
Not disease-specific
The IMI works to "improve health by speeding up the development of, and patient access to, innovative medicines, particularly in areas where there is an unmet medical or social need. We do this by facilitating collaboration between the key players involved in health research, including universities, research centres, the pharmaceutical and other industries, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), patient organisations, and medicines regulators. IMI is the world's biggest public-private partnership (PPP) in the life sciences. It is a partnership between the European Union (represented by the European Commission) and the European pharmaceutical industry (represented by EFPIA)” (IMI, n.d.).
This initiative was selected based on its inclusion in the report “RE:ROUTE, A map of the alternative biomedical R&D landscape”, (Kiddell-Monroe, Greenberg, and Basey 2016).
Institut Pasteur de Lille
Year or creation:
Unclear
Region (HQ):
Western Europe
Country (HQ):
France
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Academic and other research institutions
Technology Type:
Not specified
Disease Area:
Neglected diseases
This organization was included for its participation in non profit R&D for Neglected Diseases (Vieira M, Kimmitt R and Moon S. F1000Research 2021, 10:190)
Institute for Molecular Bioscience at The University of Queensland
Year or creation:
2000
Region (HQ):
Oceania
Country (HQ):
Australia
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Academic and other research institutions
Technology Type:
Not specified
Disease Area:
Infectious Diseases, Bacterial diseases, Genetic diseases, Chronic Diseases
UQ's Institute for Molecular Bioscience is Australia's "#1 research institute for research outputs and a leading institute for commercialisation activity." They are financed by public and philanthropic actors, with a mission "to position Queensland as a global epicentre for drug discovery."
Instituto Clodomiro Picado at Universidad de Costa Rica
Year or creation:
1970
Region (HQ):
Central America
Country (HQ):
Costa Rica
Active as of 12/2022:
Yes
Organizational form:
Academic and other research institutions
Technology Type:
Antivenoms
Disease Area:
Antivenoms
The Instituto Clodomiro Picado ia a research unit of the Universidad de Costa Rica, "responsible for the production of snake antiophidic serums and scientific research on serpents and their venoms". "The Institute produces antivenoms for human and veterinary use in Central America, Ecuador, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, and Papua New Guinea."
The development of this database is the result of the collective effort of the NBM research team members: Suerie Moon, Adrián Alonso Ruiz, Marcela Vieira, Kaitlin Large, Iulia Slovenski, Yiqi Liu, Danielle Navarro, Temmy Sunyoto and Surabhi Agarwal.
This website was developed by Bétina Zago and Adrián Alonso Ruiz, with the supervision of Suerie Moon, and the support of Marcela Vieira, Kaitlin Large, Iulia Slovenski and Yiqi Liu.
This work was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation PRIMA Grant (179842). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

