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LIST OF INITIATIVES

We are conducting research on the political, economic, scientific and organizational factors required to implement alternative business models of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) that may better serve the global public interest (e.g., deliver both innovation and global access). 

As part of this research, we have created this database of initiatives that appear to fund, implement or facilitate pharmaceutical R&D in a manner that differs from the traditional business model. If you want to read the analysis of the database, you can find it here. If you want to download the database, you can do it here, and to download the data collection process, click here.

This database was updated in April 2024 with 8 additional alternative initiatives.

Filter by Organizational Form

OpenBiome

Year or creation:

2013

Region (HQ):

North America

Country (HQ):

United States

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Not-for-profit organization

Technology Type:

Therapeutics

Disease Area:

Microbiome-mediated infectious diseases, Infectious diseases

“OpenBiome accelerates bold discoveries in microbiome science to improve health for all. We are an independent nonprofit that catalyzes cutting edge research, advances treatment, and expands scientific capacity to unlock the full potential of the microbiome. OpenBiome is building a world where the full potential of the microbiome radically improves health for all” (OpenBiome, n.d.).

Perlara

Year or creation:

2014

Region (HQ):

North America

Country (HQ):

United States

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Public Benefit Corporation

Technology Type:

Therapeutics

Disease Area:

Genetic diseases

“Perlara launched in 2014 as the first biotech Public Benefit Corporation (bioPBC). Our commitment to sustainability, open science and business and patient equity has guided our approach from day one... Our mission [is] to accelerate the discovery of cures for rare genetic diseases and uncover underlying mechanisms that enable the development of treatments that work across a range of diseases and individuals. We developed the PerlArk™ Drug Discovery Platform, based on creating patient avatars using simple animals that share genetic similarity with humans, allowing us to screen massive numbers of disease models and drug candidates quickly and at low cost” (Perlara, n.d.).

Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)

Year or creation:

1977

Region (HQ):

North America

Country (HQ):

United States

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Not-for-profit organization

Technology Type:

Vaccines, Therapeutics, Diagnostics, Medical devices

Disease Area:

Diabetes, Diarrheal diseases, Heart diseases, HIV, HPV, Influenza, Japanese encephalitis, Malaria, Meningitis, NTDs, Nutrition, Pneumonia, Polio, SRH, Tuberculosis, Oncology, Maternal and neonatal health, Diseases with pandemic potential

“At PATH, we are a global team of innovators working to accelerate health equity so all people and communities can thrive. We advise and partner with public institutions, businesses, grassroots groups, and investors to solve the world’s most pressing health challenges…Our team includes scientists, health professionals, business leaders, engineers, advocates, and experts from dozens of other specialties. We work in more than 70 countries to transform bold ideas into sustainable solutions that improve health and well-being for all” (PATH, n.d.).

Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Development Initiative (READDI)

Year or creation:

2020

Region (HQ):

North America

Country (HQ):

United States

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Unclear

Technology Type:

Therapeutics

Disease Area:

Antiviral drugs, Infectious diseases

READDI is a “global nonprofit initiative that brings together leaders from industry, government, philanthropic organizations and academic research institutions…READDI is retooling the drug discovery and development process to rapidly develop new broad-spectrum antiviral drug solutions for the future. A unique public-private partnership accelerated by a global access model, READDI has a goal of developing multiple “on the shelf” clinical assets so that we are prepared for the next global health pandemic. Through our open access model, READDI will accelerate the pace of antiviral discovery globally for three viral families with the most pandemic potential — coronaviruses, flaviviruses and alphaviruses” (READDI, n.d.).

Roivant Sciences

Year or creation:

2014

Region (HQ):

North America, Western Europe

Country (HQ):

United States, Switzerland

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Publicly Traded Company

Technology Type:

Therapeutics

Disease Area:

Rare diseases

Founded in 2014, Roivant's mission is to “improve the delivery of healthcare to patients by treating every inefficiency as an opportunity. Roivant develops transformative medicines faster by building technologies and developing talent in creative ways, leveraging the Roivant platform to launch Vants – nimble and focused biopharmaceutical and health technology companies…Roivant has built 20+ portfolio companies (Vants). [Their] Vants have conducted 10 Phase 3 trials (9 of which have been successful), and launched VTAMA®, (tapinarof) cream, 1%, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults” (Roivant, n.d.).

Ruta N

Year or creation:

2013

Region (HQ):

Latin America and the Caribbean

Country (HQ):

Colombia

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Not-for-profit organization

Technology Type:

Not specified

Disease Area:

Not disease-specific

Ruta-N is the “innovation and business center of Medellín; Our purpose is to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the inhabitants of the city through Science, Technology and innovation” (Ruta-N, n.d.).

DNDi and Ruta N entered into a strategic alliance in 2014 and announced the development of a topical treatment for Leishmaniasis (topical Amphotericin B). This collaboration involved local pharmaceutical partners and scientific and academic institutions such as the Study and Control Programme for Tropical Diseases (PECET) (DNDi, 2014).

Ophirex

Year or creation:

2015

Region (HQ):

North America

Country (HQ):

United States

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Public Benefit Corporation

Technology Type:

Antivenoms

Disease Area:

Antivenoms

“Ophirex, a public benefit corporation focused on global health, is committed to addressing the medical needs associated with snakebite and other life-threatening bites and stings, as well as diseases and conditions with related mechanisms of illness and injury. We are focused on developing an affordable, accessible, oral treatment for snakebite envenoming” (Ophirex, n.d.).

Prize4Life

Year or creation:

2007

Region (HQ):

Middle East and North Africa

Country (HQ):

Israel

Active as of 12/2022:

No

Organizational form:

Not-for-profit organization

Technology Type:

Therapeutics

Disease Area:

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

“Prize4Life is a results-oriented 501c3 nonprofit founded by a group of Harvard Business School students, including an ALS patient, to accelerate ALS/MND research by offering substantial prizes to scientists who solve the most critical scientific problems preventing the discovery of an effective ALS/MND treatment” (Idealist, n.d.).

This initiative was selected based on its inclusion in the report “RE:ROUTE, A map of the alternative biomedical R&D landscape”, (Kiddell-Monroe, Greenberg, and Basey 2016).

Qameleon Therapeutics

Year or creation:

2015

Region (HQ):

Western Europe

Country (HQ):

The Netherlands

Active as of 12/2022:

Unclear

Organizational form:

Private Company

Technology Type:

Therapeutics

Disease Area:

Oncology

“Qameleon Therapeutics is a spin-off of the Netherlands Cancer Institute established in 2015 to accelerate finding drug combinations that overcome initial or acquired resistance to targeted therapy in oncology. At Qameleon we have access to 10+ years of expertise in synthetic lethal screens. We develop custom shRNA libraries for in house screens that are optimized for the mechanism of action. shRNA data in combination with additional pre clinical data can be used to justify combination therapy trials” (Qameleon Therapeutics, n.d.).

ReAct

Year or creation:

2005

Region (HQ):

Country (HQ):

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Not-for-profit organization

Technology Type:

Not specified

Disease Area:

Infectious Diseases

"ReAct is one of the first international independent networks to articulate the complex nature of antibiotic resistance and its drivers. ReAct was initiated with the goal to be a global catalyst, advocating and stimulating for global engagement on antibiotic resistance by collaborating with a broad range of organisations, individuals and stakeholders." "ReAct is set up as a network of regional offices called nodes. Each node is hosted by an institution such as a civil society organization or a university that assists with most legal, economic and HR issues." ReAct's regional nodes are: ReAct Africa, ReAct Asia Pacific, ReAct Europe, and ReAct Latin America.

Roivant Social Ventures (RSV)

Year or creation:

2020

Region (HQ):

North America

Country (HQ):

United States

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Not-for-profit organization

Technology Type:

Not specified

Disease Area:

Genetic diseases

“RSV is a 501(c)(3) public charity that applies private sector tactics and techniques to advancing global health equity. We identify innovations in science and technology that challenge and advance the norms of biopharma and health care delivery…We are pioneering solutions to unmet needs and to ensuring global equitable access – and this is reflected in every aspect of our programmatic work. We partner with innovative companies, institutes and organizations to promote systemic, sustained improvements to the way health care is accessed and delivered. Through our unique approach we aim to generate substantial social returns and reinvest financial returns to drive change” (RSV, n.d.).

SCYNEXIS

Year or creation:

1999

Region (HQ):

North America

Country (HQ):

United States

Active as of 12/2022:

Yes

Organizational form:

Publicly Traded Company

Technology Type:

Therapeutics

Disease Area:

Fungal infections, Infectious diseases

SCYNEXIS is an SME “bringing a ground-breaking class of drugs to the battle [against pernicious fungal diseases] by developing innovative products that have the strength, safety and versatility to defeat even the most insidious fungal diseases. We are committed to positively impacting the lives of patients suffering from fungal infections — from the most common to the difficult-to-treat and deadliest” (SCYNEXIS, n.d.). Their work is focused on life-threatening infections and community infections, and their novel antifungal Ibrexafungerp was approved in 2021 (ibid).

The development of this database is the result of the collective effort of the NBM research team members: Suerie Moon, Adrián Alonso Ruiz, Marcela Vieira, Kaitlin Large, Iulia Slovenski, Yiqi Liu, Danielle Navarro, Temmy Sunyoto and Surabhi Agarwal.

 

This website was developed by Bétina Zago and Adrián Alonso Ruiz, with the supervision of Suerie Moon, and the support of Marcela Vieira, Kaitlin Large, Iulia Slovenski and Yiqi Liu.

 

This work was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation PRIMA Grant (179842). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

ABOUT US

 

The Knowledge Network on Innovation and Access to Medicines is a project of the Global Health Centre at the Graduate Institute, Geneva. The project seeks to maximize the contributions of research and analysis to producing public health needs-driven innovation and globally-equitable access to medicines.

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